Although international human rights law is relatively settled on the rights of Indigenous peoples, governments around the world vary greatly in protecting and implementing these rights (including the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)) into domestic legal frameworks. This session will explore whether class actions are the only remaining way to effectively protect and respect rights holders in a modern industrialised world. Shining a light on the rich jurisprudence from Latin America, and taking into account other global perspectives and experiences, this session explores the intricate relationship between Indigenous peoples, the natural environment and natural resources, the threats to their cultural heritage, and the role class actions are playing in this critical area.