This year, the European Court of Justice heard the EU Commission’s arguments against Malta’s Investor Immigrant Programme (IIP) and an Advocate General’s Opinion was published in October. Will this change countries approaches to whether there needs to be a genuine link through residence as well as the required investment before citizenship is offered? How does the EU’s opposition to citizenship and residence by investment play out in countries with these programmes? And how are established Caribbean and other programmes affected by the risk responses of banks and other financial institutions to these citizenships. Finally, will counties that closed their investor programmes ever bring them back?