The length of time to award, even in relatively simple commercial cases, continues to be a challenge for the arbitration community.  Emergency arbitrator provisions, expedited procedures and summary dismissal mechanisms have certainly had an impact.  Meanwhile, UNCITRAL Working Group II is looking at highly expedited arbitration procedures.  Where should the focus be as we continue to work to reduce the time and costs of arbitration?  What role for technology?  What can parties and institutions do when a decision is taking too long? Is urgency efficiently handled by arbitration institutions and tribunals, or does court litigation remain a suitable alternative for interim measures and injunctions?